any rust source code file should follow this convention: hello_world.rs

println! is a macro (advanced version of normal functions). that ! means it is a macro not a normal function.

rust style is to indent with four spaces, not a tab. oh, okay?

there must be a main() function to indicate where to start the program from

you can declare functions with the keyword fn

to obtain user input we need to

use std::io;

print to stdout

variables

constants

data types

user input

import libraries

random numbers

string parsing

if conditions

loop

functions

naming style

statements & expressions